DBT en TEPT en mujeres víctimas de violencia sexual: revisión sistemática
DBT in PTSD in women who are victims of sexual violence: systematic reviewBarra lateral del artículo
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La violencia sexual constituye un factor de riesgo crítico para el desarrollo de trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT) en mujeres adultas, especialmente cuando coexiste con desregulación emocional, disociación y conductas autolesivas. Esta revisión sistemática analizó 29 estudios publicados entre 2010 y 2025 sobre la aplicación de la Terapia Dialéctica Conductual adaptada para TEPT (DBT-PTSD) en mujeres víctimas de violencia sexual. Los hallazgos indican que DBT-PTSD logra reducciones significativas en síntomas de TEPT, con superioridad frente a terapias cognitivas tradicionales, mejor perfil de seguridad y mayor adherencia. Asimismo, componentes como la regulación emocional, el mindfulness y la aceptación radical emergen como mecanismos activos de cambio vinculados a la disminución de autolesión y a la mejora funcional. No obstante, la disociación y la variabilidad en la práctica de habilidades moderan la eficacia. Se concluye que DBT-PTSD es un marco terapéutico eficaz y adaptable, con implicaciones clínicas relevantes para su implementación en diversos contextos.
Sexual violence is a critical risk factor for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adult women, particularly when accompanied by emotional dysregulation, dissociation, and self-harming behaviors. This systematic review analyzed 29 studies published between 2010 and 2025 on the application of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for PTSD (DBT-PTSD) in women survivors of sexual violence. Findings indicate that DBT- PTSD produces significant reductions in PTSD symptoms, with superiority over traditional cognitive therapies, better safety profile, and higher treatment adherence. Core components such as emotion regulation, mindfulness, and radical acceptance emerge as active mechanisms of change linked to reductions in self-harm and improvements in overall functioning. However, dissociation and variability in skill practice appear to moderate treatment effectiveness. Overall, DBT-PTSD stands as an effective and adaptable therapeutic framework, with important clinical implications for implementation across diverse healthcare settings.
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