Factores de riesgo individuales y familiares asociados a la ideación suicida en adolescentes: revisión sistemática
Individual and family risk factors associated with suicidal ideation in adolescents: a systematic reviewBarra lateral del artículo
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La ideación suicida en adolescentes constituye un problema de salud pública de gran relevancia, al asociarse con un aumento del riesgo de conductas que atentan contra la vida. Este artículo presenta una revisión sistemática, realizada conforme a las directrices PRISMA, cuyo propósito es verificar y sintetizar la evidencia existente sobre los factores individuales y familiares asociados a la ideación suicida en adolescentes. La búsqueda se efectuó mediante un proceso riguroso de selección de artículos científicos publicados en bases de datos internacionales (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed) entre enero de 2020 y 31 de agosto de 2025, identificando estudios con participantes de 10 a 19 años. El objetivo central es analizar los factores de riesgo vinculados a la ideación suicida en adolescentes, poniendo énfasis en los factores individuales (emocionales, cognitivos y conductuales) y en los factores familiares (dinámica familiar, antecedentes de suicidio, comunicación y clima afectivo) que incrementan la vulnerabilidad a este fenómeno, así como examinar las interacciones entre ambos niveles de análisis. Se espera que los hallazgos proporcionen un panorama actualizado y fundamentado de la evidencia científica, contribuyendo al avance del conocimiento académico y al diseño de estrategias preventivas e intervenciones contextualizadas orientadas a reducir el riesgo suicida en adolescentes. De esta manera, la revisión sistemática no solo enriquece el campo investigativo, sino que también ofrece insumos prácticos para la formulación de programas de salud mental, políticas públicas y prácticas educativas basadas en evidencia.
Suicidal ideation in adolescents constitutes a highly significant public health problem, as it is associated with an increased risk of life-threatening behaviors. This article presents a systematic review, conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, aimed at verifying and synthesizing the existing evidence on individual and family factors associated with suicidal ideation in adolescents. The search was conducted through a rigorous selection process of scientific articles published in international databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed) between january 2020 and 31 august 2025, identifying studies with participants aged 10 to 19. The central objective is to analyze the risk factors linked to suicidal ideation in adolescents, emphasizing individual factors (emotional, cognitive, and behavioral) and family factors (family dynamics, history of suicide, communication, and emotional climate) that increase vulnerability to this phenomenon, as well as examine the interactions between both levels of analysis. The findings are expected to provide an updated and substantiated overview of the scientific evidence, contributing to the advancement of academic knowledge and the design of preventive strategies and contextualized interventions aimed at reducing suicide risk in adolescents. In this way, the systematic review not only enriches the research field but also offers practical input for the development of mental health programs, public policies, and evidence-based educational practices.
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