Evaluación psicológica del riesgo conductual en solicitantes de permisos de armas de fuego
Psychological assessment of behavioral risk among firearm permit applicantsBarra lateral del artículo
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La posesión de armas de fuego se vincula con un mayor riesgo de eventos violentos, incluidos los suicidios y los homicidios. En consecuencia, la presente revisión tiene como objetivo analizar como los instrumentos de evaluación del riesgo conductual influyen en el proceso de otorgamiento de permisos de armas de fuego. Se seleccionaron 19 estudios empíricos publicados entre 2017 y 2025 procedentes de cuatro bases de datos: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y SciELO con base en las directrices PRISMA. Los resultados revelan que los instrumentos de juicio profesional estructurado, como el HCR-20V3, muestran una validez predictiva adecuada para la identificación de factores de riesgo dinámicos y estáticos. Además, se identificaron factores asociados con la violencia interpersonal, la impulsividad y la regulación emocional como predictores relevantes. Se concluyó que la evaluación psicológica forense en el contexto de licencias de armas requiere instrumentos estandarizados que integren factores de riesgo y protección.
Firearm possession is associated with an elevated risk of violent outcomes, including homicide and suicide. Accordingly, this review analyzes the impact of behavioral risk assessment instruments on the firearm licensing process. Following PRISMA guidelines, 19 empirical studies published between 2017 and 2025 were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO. Findings indicate that structured professional judgment (SPJ) instruments, such as the HCR-20V3, exhibit robust predictive validity for identifying both dynamic and static risk factors. Moreover, interpersonal violence, impulsivity, and emotional dysregulation emerged as significant predictors within these assessments. The study concludes that forensic psychological evaluations for firearms licensing require standardized instruments capable of integrating risk and protective factors to ensure clinical and legal rigor.
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