Condicionantes psicosociales de la autodeterminación en adultos con discapacidad intelectual leve o moderada: revisión sistemática
Psychosocial determinants of self-determination in adults with mild or moderate intellectual disability: a systematic reviewBarra lateral del artículo
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La autodeterminación constituye un derecho humano fundamental para las personas con discapacidad intelectual, en tanto dota de sentido a su participación social y al ejercicio de una vida independiente. Es por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las condiciones psicosociales que influyen en la autodeterminación de adultos con discapacidad intelectual leve o moderada. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática basada en el método PRISMA que reunió 27 estudios originales publicados entre 2022 y junio de 2026, en revistas indexadas en Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar o Scielo. Los principales resultados evidenciaron patrones diferenciados según el nivel de la discapacidad, el tipo de apoyo familiar y la presencia de entornos laborales inclusivos. Asimismo, las tendencias reflejaron que la sobreprotección, la ausencia de apoyos naturalizados y las barreras normativas limitan la agencia causal; además, que los programas de vida independiente, la educación superior inclusiva y las redes de pares favorecen la toma de decisiones. Las diferencias por género, edad y contexto sociocultural también son condicionantes importantes en los estudios analizados. Se concluye que, la autodeterminación se conforma de manera relacional y ecológica, por lo que requiere intervenciones coordinadas entre los ámbitos personal, familiar, comunitario e institucional para garantizar el ejercicio pleno de los derechos de esta población y avanzar hacia marcos de apoyo más justos.
Self-determination constitutes a fundamental human right for individuals with intellectual disabilities, as it provides meaning to their social participation and the exercise of independent living. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the psychosocial conditions that influence the self-determination of adults with mild or moderate intellectual disabilities. To this end, a systematic review based on the PRISMA statement was conducted, gathering 27 original studies published between 2022 and June 2026 in journals indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, or SciELO. The main findings revealed distinct patterns based on the level of disability, the type of family support, and the presence of inclusive labor environments. Furthermore, trends indicated that overprotection, the lack of natural supports, and regulatory barriers limit causal agency; conversely, independent living programs, inclusive higher education, and peer networks facilitate decision-making. Differences in gender, age, and socio-cultural context also emerged as significant determinants in the analyzed studies. It is concluded that self-determination is shaped in a relational and ecological manner, requiring coordinated interventions across personal, family, community, and institutional spheres to guarantee the full exercise of rights for this population and to move toward more equitable support frameworks.
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